Forged stamps of French Congo

• 14-17. Provisional Postage Due stamps of French Colonies, 1892. The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.100 (Yvert 8-11).
• 18-34. The Colonial Allegorical Group type issue or “Group type issue”, 1892-1900. Basic stamp and tablets of 1892-1913. Charles Hirschburger (Fournier) forgeries of the basic design for all 29 stamp-issuing colonies, as well as overprints and surcharges. Varro Tyler, Linn’s Focus on Forgeries: A Guide to Forgeries of Common Stamps, Revised, Expanded Edition, p.108. David Jennings-Bramly, “The Fournier Forgeries of the French colonial Tablet series”, The Journal of the France & Colonies Philatelic Society (U.K.), Vol. 41 (December 1991): 165-67. Fakes and Hirshberger forgeries: Robert G. Stone and Edward Grabowski, “Collecting the French Colonies Groupe Type (‘Navigation and Commerce’)”, The Journal of the France & Colonies Philatelic Society (U.K.), Vol. 36 (September 1986): 116-23 (continuation of article from No.160). Colin W. Sponge, Letter to the Editor re Fournier forgeries of the Groupe Type, The Journal of the France & Colonies Philatelic Society (U.K.), Vol.42 (June 1992): 57. Hirshberger (Fournier) forgeries: Robert G. Stone and Edward Grabowski, “Collecting the French Colonies Group Type (Navigation and Commerce)”, American Philatelist, Vol. 98 (June 1984): 618-32. Anon., “Fake French Colonies’ Stamps: Navigation and Commerce Issues”, Mount Nittany Philatelic Society Newsletter, Vol. 1 (December 1968): 14,15. Stephen Rich, “French Colonies: Group Type”, Stamp Collector’s Fortnightly, Vol. 55 (May 21, 1949): 121,22. Recognition points for Fournier (Hirshberger) forgeries: Anon., “Group Type Counterfeits (Peace & Colonies Type of the colonies)”, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 4, Whole No. 23 (September-October 1945): 18, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 14, Whole No. 84 (November-December 1955): 27. Fournier and another forgery: A.J.C.Vaurie, “Know Your Forgeries” column, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol.2 (January-February 1943): 7, reprinted at Weekly Philatelic Gossip, Vol. 37 (November 27, 1943): 279; for criticism of Laurie’s drawings, see Stone and Grabowski above. Lowell Ragatz, “Spying Eye” column, The S.P.A. Journal, Vol. 7 (July 1945): 522,23 (and Spying Eye Handbook on Philatelic Forgeries, p.33), reprinted in Weekly Philatelic Gossip, Vol. 42 (April 20, 1946): 214. Fournier forgery and fraudulent postmark: Kurt Kayssner, Check to the Forgers: an Indispensable Resource for the Collector, etc., pp.22,23. Anon., “Forgeries of the Peace and Commerce Type – French Colonies”, Stamps (U.S.), Vol. 18 (February 27, 1937): 353. Forgery of basic design: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.98 (second column, with illustration). Forgery of the 1fr: H. Bynof-Smith, Forged Postage Stamps of Europe and Colonies, Vol. 1, pp.82,83.  Perforations of (Fournier) forgeries reversed: Scott Classic Specialized Catalog. J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries (p.41). Fraudulent postmarks: R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/ How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.387,88.
  Fournier fraudulent postmarks. A.J.C.Vaurie, “Know Your Forgeries” column, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 3 (May-June 1944): 14; H. Bynof-Smith, Forged Postage Stamps of Europe and Colonies, Vol. 1, p.89.
• Fraudulent postmarks. Robert G. Stone, “A Key to The Lozenge Obliterators of French Colonies, 1860-1892”, Supplement to The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 33, Whole No. 167 (January 1977). Robert G. Stone, “Phantom, Fake, And Other Improper Postmarks on French Colonies Stamps”, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 21, Whole No. 62 (May 1969): 54-57 and The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 35, Whole No. 178 (October, 1979): 105-116. Robert G. Stone, “Fake and Phantom Cancels on French Colonies Stamps”, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 25, Whole Number 135 (January 1969): 3,4.
• Fraudulent postmarks on the “Alphee Dubois” issues (French Colonies Design type A9, Commerce) for various colonies. The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, pp.97,98 (Yvert 46-59, French Colonies).
• Fraudulent postmarks on the “Group type” issues: R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/ How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.387,88.
• Fraudulent postmarks on the 1-Centime of the “Group type” issues (see French Congo Design type A3). Anon., “Forged Cancellations On The 1 Centime Colonies Group Type (Peace & Commerce, 1893 Issues From the Various Colonies)”, The France and Colonies Philatelist (U.S.), Vol. 4, Whole No. 23 (September-October 1945): 18.
• Fraudulent postmarks on French Colonies J1-J14 for simulated use in the several colonies. The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.99 (following Yvert 24-26).

Source: The Tedesco Index