1-3, 10-13. Issues of 1863-66, 1877, and 1879. Fournier and other forgeries: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, pp.47,48 (Yvert 1-3). Fournier and other forgeries of the 1863-66 issue (pen cancellation is the normal postal obliteration): William Bacon, “Phony Philately” column, Weekly Philatelic Gossip, Vol. 56 (July 4, 1953): 558,59. The green 10c and 1p, 1863-66: Robson Lowe, The Oswald Schröder Forgeries, p.5. J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, pp.27,28. Two forgeries of the green 10c, a forgery of the red 10c, Bogus 1p, 1863-66, genuine and fraudulent postmarks: Reverend R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.96-99; see Cross criticism of Earee in Copacarta, Vol. 8 (March 1991): 61-63, at p.61.
1,2. 10c, 1863-66. Pictures of 14 basic types, Fournier pp.125,29), Sperati, Oswald Schroeder, selection of other forgeries, genuine and fake manusccript cancel: Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, pp.125-35. Senf brothers facsimile of the green 10c, 1863: Varro E. Tyler, “The Gebrüder Senf Facsimiles”, The American Philatelic Congress Book 34 (1968): 193;
3. 1p, 1863. Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, pp.136-39.
5. 10c, 1873. Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, p.140.
9. 5c, 1878. Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, p.141.
11. 5c Seebeck issue, 1879. Forgery-reprint: Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, p.142.
12, 10c Seebeck, 1879. Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, p.143. 28. 20c Seebeck, 1880. Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, p.148.
15-17 and 25-28. Bluish laid paper Bolivars, 1879, 1880. Seebeck reprints. Varro Tyler, Linn’s Focus on Forgeries: A Guide to Forgeries of Common Stamps, Revised, Expanded Edition, p.71.
19-24. White paper Bolivars, 1880. William Bacon, “Phony Philately” column, Weekly Philatelic Gossip, Vol. 56 (July 4, 1953): 558,59. Fournier forged 80c and 1p(?) and fraudulent postmarks: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.48 (Yvert 23,24). Forgeries of the 80c and 1p, fraudulent postmarks, and essay of the 20c: J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, p.28. The 20c green is an error (not essay): Scott Classic Specialized Catalog.
29-34. Seebeck issue, 1882. Forgery of the 10c and genuine and fake Calman cancellations: Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, pp. 149,50.
35,36. Issue of 1882. Senf brothers facsimiles. Varro E. Tyler, “The Gebrüder Senf Facsimiles”, The American Philatelic Congress Book 34 (1968): 193.
95. 2c, 1904. Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, p.151.
Genuine manuscript cancellations: Howard Frome, “Manuscript Cancels Of Bolivar”, Copacarta, Vol. 9 (June 1992): 94-97.
F1. 40c Seebeck Registration stamp, 1879. Reprint-forgery, fake cancellation:Dieter Bortfeldt, The Workbook, Part II, pp.146,47.
F9-F11. Registration stamps of 1903,04. Forgeries and fraudulent postmark. The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.48 (Yvert 3-5).
Cauca. Genuine manuscript cancellations: Howard Frome, “Manuscript Cancels Of Cauca”, Copacarta, Vol. 10 (September 1992): 15-18.