Forged stamps of Finland

• Envelopes, 1845, 1850, 1856 issues. Forgeries, genuine and fraudulent postmarks: Reverend R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/ How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.370-75. The 1864 and 1872 Reprints as cut squares only: Dr. Franz Kalckhoff, An Illustrated Catalogue of All Known Reprints Of Officially Issued Postage Stamps, Envelopes, Post Cards, Wrappers, Etc. And How To Detect Them, p.30. Elb forgeries of the 10k and 20k (colors reversed), 1845: Fred J. Melville, Phantom Philately, pp.94,95. Ed Fraser, “Finland’s First Stamps The Oval Issue & The Problem of Forgeries, April 2006”, The Scandinavian Collectors Club, http://www.scc-online.org/old/, click “Brouse the old site” in Menu box to the left, click the article title.
• —- 20K. rose, stamped envelope, 1845. Senf brothers facsimile: Varro E. Tyler, “The Gebrüder Senf Facsimiles”, The American Philatelic Congress Book 34 (1968):193.
• 1-3B. Oval issues, 1856-58, 1858, and 1859. Reprints: L.N. and M. Williams, “Finland First Issued Stamps, March 1, 1856”, Stamp Magazine (U.K.), Vol. 6 (March 1940): 152,55. Characteristics of the genuine stamps, these adhesives distinguished from the earlier envelope cut squares, and reprints: Hermann Schloss, Distinguishing Characteristics of Classic Stamps: Europe 19th Century (Except Old German States), pp.16,17. 1862 (twice), 1872, and 1893 Reprints: Edward Denny Bacon, Reprints of Postal Adhesive Stamps And Their Characteristics, p.39. Envelope cut squares distinguished from the 1956-58 issue: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue, note following 2C. Reprints of the 10k and 5k with large pearls: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue, note following 3B. See stamps below for more citations.  
• 1,2. Oval issue, small pearls, 1856. Fournier, Helingfirs and Wilborg forgeries and fakes made from envelope stamps: Michael E. Huidonov, “The Oval Stamps of Finland – A Study of the 1856 Issues and Their Forgeries”, Opinions VI: Philatelic Expertizing – An Inside View, (The Philatelic Foundation, N.Y., N.Y., 1992): 125-34. The 1862 and 1871 reprints, and fakes made from envelope cut squares: Edwin Mueller, “European Classics: xi. Finland”, Mercury Stamp Journal, Vol. 3, Whole No. 31 (September 1954): 154-56, continued from Whole No. 30 (May 1954): 136. 1 or 2C: Frank Aretz, Know Your Stamps, Vol. I, p.18. Reprints, fakes and Fournier and other forgeries and Fournier fraudulent postmark: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, pp.67,68 (Yvert 1,2). Forgery of the 5k and two forgeries of the 10k values, reprints, genuine and fraudulent postmarks: Reverend R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/ How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.374,75. H. Bynof-Smith, Forged Postage Stamps of Europe and Colonies, Vol. 1, pp.48,49. Reprints and characteristics of the genuine stamps: J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, pp.33,34. Peter Winter fraudulent postmark: Robson Lowe, “The House of Stamps”, Stamp Magazine (U.K.), Vol. 60 (July 1994): 72-76.
• 2C32. 10k Oval stamp on vertically laid paper, 1858. Fakes made from envelope cut squares: Edwin Mueller, “European Classics: xi. Finland”, Mercury Stamp Journal, Vol. 3, Whole No. 31 (September 1954): 156, continued from Whole No. 30 (May 1954): 136. The 1881 reprints and 1892 Official Imitations of 2,3, and fake of 3B made from envelope cut squares: Edwin Mueller, “European Classics: xi. Finland”, Mercury Stamp Journal, Vol. 3, Whole No. 31 (September 1954): 150-58, continued from Whole No. 30 (May 1954): 136, at pp.154,55.
• 3. 5k Oval stamp, large pearl, 1858. Michael Mills, “When the Lion’s a Dog“, The Posthorn, Vol.42 (May 1985): 29,30.
• 4,5. Serpentine rouletted Kopeck issue of 1860. 1892 Official Imitations: Edwin Mueller, “European Classics: xi. Finland”, Mercury Stamp Journal, Vol. 3, Whole No. 31 (September 1954): 150-58, continued from Whole No. 30 (May 1954): 136, at pp.154,55. Fakes from chemically bleached paper and reprints: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, pp.68,69 (Yvert 3,4). Fakes made from envelopes, genuine and fraudulent postmarks: Reverend R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/ How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.377,78. H. Bynof-Smith, Forged Postage Stamps of Europe and Colonies, Vol. 1, pp.50,51. The 1860 and 1893 Reprints: Hermann Schloss, Distinguishing Characteristics of Classic Stamps: Europe 19th Century (Except Old German States), p.18. 1893 Reprints: Edward Denny Bacon, Reprints of Postal Adhesive Stamps And Their Characteristics, p.40. Dr. Franz Kalckhoff, An Illustrated Catalogue of All Known Reprints Of Officially Issued Postage Stamps, Envelopes, Post Cards, Wrappers, Etc. And How To Detect Them, p.31. 1893 reprints: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue, Note following Scott 11.
• 6-13. Serpentine Rouletted Issue of 1866-74. 1892 Official Imitations: Edwin Mueller, “European Classics: xi. Finland”, Mercury Stamp Journal, Vol. 3, Whole No. 31 (September 1954): 154,55, continued from Whole No. 30 (May 1954): 136. Reprints and forgery of the 1m: Hermann Schloss, Distinguishing Characteristics of Classic Stamps: Europe 19th Century (Except Old German States), p.18. Reprints, forgeries, Fournier forgery of the 1m and Fournier fraudulent postmark: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.69 (Yvert 5-12). Forgery of the 8p, genuine and fraudulent postmarks: Reverend R.B. Earée, Album Weeds/ How to Detect Forged Stamps (Third Edition), Vol. 1, pp.378,79. J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, pp.34,35. Sperati forgery of the 1m value: British Philatelic Association (Publisher), The Work Of Jean De Sperati, p.163 and Plate 110. H. Bynof-Smith, Forged Postage Stamps of Europe and Colonies, Vol. 1, pp.50,51. 1892 Reprints of the 8p and 40p: Carl E. Pelander, “The Postal Issues of Finland”, Stamp Collecting, Vol. 54 (March 30, 1940): 33,34,37, at p.34; the article begins at Vol. 53 (March, 16,1940): 614,15, and continues at Vol.54 (March 23, 1940): 9,10, at (April 6, 1940): 57,58, and at (September 14, 1940): 508. 1893 Reprints: Edward Denny Bacon, Reprints of Postal Adhesive Stamps And Their Characteristics, p.40. Reprints of the 10p and 40p: Dr. Franz Kalckhoff, An Illustrated Catalogue of All Known Reprints Of Officially Issued Postage Stamps, Envelopes, Post Cards, Wrappers, Etc. And How To Detect Them, p.31. Forgery of the 10p: Carl E. Pelander, “Finland, 1866 (1871) 10 Penni, Color Error on Wove Paper – A Forgery”, The Collectors Club Philatelist, Vol. 18 (October 1939): 5-62 (translation of article by Agathon Farbuge and E.A. Hellman from Soumen Post-Imerkkilehti, January 1939). 1893 reprints of Nos. 6-11: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue, Note following Scott 11. Forged fancy cancellations: Mike Hvidonov, “New Figure Cancellation Forgeries of Finland“, The Posthorn, Vol.40 (November 1983): 217,18.
• 13c Red brown color error. 10p Serpentine Rouletted, 1866-74. Ed Fraser, “Finland: The Color Error Forgeries of the 10 Penni Serpentine Roulette Isue“, The Posthorn, Vol.41 (February 1984): 7-15.
• 19-23. 8p,10p,20p,25p,32p values of the Regular issue of 1875-81. Forgery of the 20p: Varro Tyler, Linn’s Focus on Forgeries: A Guide to Forgeries of Common Stamps, Revised, Expanded Edition, p.102. 1892 Reprints: Carl E. Pelander, “The Postal Issues of Finland”, Stamp Collecting, Vol. 54 (April 6, 1940): 57-58; Edward Denny Bacon, Reprints of Postal Adhesive Stamps And Their Characteristics, p.40. Reprints of the 8p and 32p values: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.69 (Yvert 13-20); Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue, Note following 24.
• 24. 1m, 1877. Rouletted forgery: Fred J. Melville, Phantom Philately, p.95. Reprint: J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, p.35. 1975 Nordia souvenir card reproduction: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue.
• 26-30. Compound perforation printings, 1881. Reperforations: Ed Fraser, “Rogues Gallery“, The Posthorn, Vol.40 (August 1983): 154-58.
• 27-29. 10p,20p,25p values of the Regular issue, 1881-83. Forgery of the 20p: Varro Tyler, Linn’s Focus on Forgeries: A Guide to Forgeries of Common Stamps, Revised, Expanded Edition, p.102. The 1893 reprints: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue.
• 33b Tete-Beche. 20p, 1885. Cancellation forgery: Mike Hvidonov, “Finland:20 Penny Tete- Beche 1885 Cancellation Forgery“, The Posthorn, Vol.41 (February 1984): 29, 30.
• 35-37. High values of the regular issue of 1885. N. Imperato forgery: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, pp.69,70 (Yvert 21-27). Senf brothers facsimiles of the 5m and 10m: Varro E. Tyler, “The Gebrüder Senf Facsimiles”, The American Philatelic Congress Book 34 (1968 : 193. The 5m and 10m: Frank Aretz, Know Your Stamps, Vol. I, p.18; J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, p.35.
• 38-45,60-63. Regular issues of 1889-92 and 1895-96. Frank Aretz, Know Your Stamps, Part 1, p.18. The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.70 (Yvert 28-35). J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, p.35.
• 44,45. 5m and 10m, 1889. Fournier forgeries and postmarks: Bjorn von Hellens, Lauren, Vol. 5 (Maarch 1973): 3-5.
• 57,57a,58. Ruble values of the regular issue of 1891-92. Fournier forgery and postmark: Bjorn von Hellens, Lauren, Vol. 5 (Maarch 1973): 3-5. Fournier and another forgery and fraudulent postmarks: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.70 (Yvert 36-48). The two major varieties: J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, p.35.
• 66,67,72. 10p and 20p values of the regular issue of 1901 and 10p, 1901. The original and redrawn 10p stamps: H.G. Leslie Fletcher, Postal Forgeries of the World, p.33. Fakes of 66,67: Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue.
• 69,75,82. 10m values of the regular issues of 1901,1901-14 and 1911-16. Fournier forgeries: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.70 (Yvert 49-60). J. Dorn (Publisher), The Forged Stamps of all Countries, p.35. Forgery on laid paper: Carl E. Pelander, “The Postal Issues of Finland”, Stamp Collecting, Vol. 54 (September 14, 1940): 508,11.
• 176D-176F. 5m Saarinen-type, 1930. Altered to partial imperforate: Mike Hvidonov, “What’s Happening in Finland”, The Posthorn (November 1992): 169-72.
• B2. Semi-Postal stamp, 1930. Forged “Aland“ postmark: Mike Hvidonov, “What’s Happening in Finland”, The Posthorn (November 1992): 169-72.
• C1,C1a. Zeppelin Airpost, 1930. Forged overprint on wrong stamp (Scott 205 instead of 178): Mercer Bristow, “Color is Key on 1930 Finland Zeppelin stamp”, Stamp Collector, Vol.72 (September 7, 1998): 14. Forged overprint: Alden C. Johnson, Forgeries Old and New, Vol. 1, p.13. Forged postmark: Ed Fraser, “Forgery Quiz of the Month: 1930 Zeppelin Issue of Finland“, Vol.40 (May 1983): 62, 97.
• Contemporary postmarks. Anon., “Finnish postmarking devices taken”, Linn’s Stamp News (December 8,1997): 19.

Source: The Tedesco Index