Forged Stamps of Marshall Islands

• Forerunners. Genuine and fraudulent postmarks: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies“, (“Vorläufer” Michel Marshall Islands 47). Genuine cancellations: Albert Friedmann, The Stamps and Cancels of the German Colonies and the German Post Offices Abroad, pp.832. Fritz Billig, Billig’s Philatelic Handbook, Vol. 6, p.86.
• 1-12. Overprinted issues of 1897 and 1899-1900. For Fournier forgery of the basic stamp, see German East Africa 1-10 and Germany, Design Types A9 and A10. Sperati forged overprint: Robson Lowe and Carl Walske, The Work of Jean De Sperati II/ Including Previously Unlisted Forgeries, p.51 and Plate C. Fournier and other forgeries: Dirk H.R. Spennemann, “Postage Stamps Used in the German Marshall Islands: Forgeries and Fraudulent Overprints”. For Fournier forgery of the basic stamp, see Germany, Design Types A9 and A10. See listings for series below for more citations.
• 1-6. Overprinted issue of 1897. Three forged overprints: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies“, (Michel Marshall Islands 1-6). Fournier fraudulent postmark: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.233 (1897). Also see 1-12, above.
  1,8,10,11. 3pf. 5pf, 20pf and 25pf values, 1897-1900. Fournier complete forgeries, including cancellations: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies“, (Michel Marshall Islands 1, 8, 10, 11).
• 7-12. Overprinted issue of 1899-1900. Six forged overprints: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies“, (Michel Marshall Islands 7-12). The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.233 (1900). Also see 1-12, above.
  13-21,26. Small Yacht common design issues of 1901 and the unissued 3pf, 1916. Fournier forgeries: The Serrane Guide/ Stamp Forgeries of the World to 1926, p.105 (German Colonies, second column). Fournier and other forgeries: Dirk H.R. Spennemann, “Postage Stamps Used in the German Marshall Islands: Forgries and Fraudulent Overprints”. For Fournier forgery of basic stamp, see German East Africa 11-18,22-34.
• 22,24. 1m, 3m Large Yacht, 1901. Fraudulent cancellations: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies“, (Michel Marshall Islands 22 + 24 with fraudulent cancellations).
• Genuine cancellations: Albert Friedmann, The Stamps and Cancels of the German Colonies and the German Post Offices Abroad, pp.853-56.
• Bernhard Friedrich fraudulent postmarks. German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies“ (“Cancellations 1899-1908“).
• Fraudulent postmarks: Max Muenzer, “German Colonies and Post Offices Abroad – Information Not Included in the Catalog” (translated from Zeitung fur Briefmarkin-Kunde, Bad Ems), The German Postal Specialist, Vol. 6 (January 1955): 13-15.
• Pictures of overprints and postmarks: German Philatelic Society Expertizing Service, “Caveat Emptor”, The German Postal Specialist, Vol. 39 (December 1988): 413-16.
• Rudolph Thomas fraudulent postmarks: Paul Larsen, “‘Greasy Dick’ Fake Colonies and Offices, Vorläufer, No. 15 (April 1975: 3-10. Chas. S. Thompson, “German Colonial Postmark Fakes …”, Weekly Philatelic Gossip, Vol. 35 (December 12, 1942): 329-31; Anon. Note, Stamps (U.S.), Vol. 38 (January 17, 1942): 102,3.
• Forged postmarks: GPS Expertizing Service, “Caveat Emptor”, The German Postal Specialist, Vol. 36 (October 1985): 426,27.
  Dieter Bahrs forged postmarks: GPS Expertizing Committee, “Caveat Emptor – Still Another Forger Exposed”, The German Postal Specialist, Vol. 26 (March 1975): 90-92.
• Pictures of forged postmarks, including those of forerunners: Anon., “Forgeries – Warning of Early Colonial Postmarks from Johannesburg” (translated by O. Winter, from Berichte Kolonialbriefmarken sammler), The German Postal Specialist, Vol.17 (April 1966): 172-76.
• Forged overprints and cancellations by Dieter K. of Sittensen: Dr. Werner M. Bohne, “Caveat Emptor … 25 Million Marks in Forgeries? : A Special Report”, The German Postal Specialist, Vol. 33 (June 1982): 246-48.
• False postmarks of various colonies made in Berlin (pictures reduced in size): Anon., “Another Forgery Establishment Put Out of Business”, Vorläufer, No. 14 (February 1975): 3,4.
• Fournier fraudulent cancellations: Fritz Billig, Billig’s Philatelic Handbook, Vol. 7, p.156 and Vol.9, p.26.
• Atoll cancellations. Albert Friedmann, The Stamps and Cancels of the German Colonies and the German Post Offices Abroad, pp.861-64.
• Arrival postmarks. Required on letters until March 31, 1909 (except for a few months beginning “after 1873). Required on regestered and special delivery mail until termination of postal service, except for the period April 1, 1909 to December 21, 1909. Albert Friedmann, The Stamps and Cancels of the German Colonies and the German Post Offices Abroad.

• G.R.I.
• 1-11. “G.R.I.” Overprinted Small Kaiser Yacht stamps of German New Guinea and Marshall Islands, 1914. Two forged overprints and forged double overprint on the 2d: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies” (Michel German New Guinea, British Occupation 1-11, German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies” (Michel German New Guinea 4DK,).
• 22-25. 3p ,4p and 5p overprinted stamps of New Guinea, second setting, 1914. Fraudulent overprints: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies” (Michel British occupation of German New Guinea 1-11).
• 30-38. 1p,2p,3p,4p,5p and 8p overprinted stamps of Marshall Islands, 1914. Two forged overprints: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies” (Michel British Occupation of Marshall Islands1-9). Hialeah forgeries of the G.R.I, overprint and fraudulent postmarks: Dirk H.R. Spennemann, “The Marshall Islands. An Electronic Library and Archive“.
• 39-42. Overprinted Large Yacht types.1914. Genuine surcharge: German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries, Vol. 10, “German Colonies” (Michel British Occupation of Marshall Islands10-13).

Source: The Tedesco Index